Tortilla Flat

Nobel and Pulitzer Prize-winning American author John Steinbeck’s novel Tortilla Flat (1935) is one of his earliest literary triumphs. Set on the author's home turf of Monterey, California, in the days following the end of the First World War, the novel chronicles the experiences of Danny and his aimless group of friends as they readjust to the world at home. They dedicate themselves to drinking, fighting, making amends, and attempting to enjoy their lives that were nearly snuffed out by the Great War.

In the Monterey neighborhood of Tortilla Flat, Danny arrives home from the war only to learn that his grandfather has died in his absence. However, his grandfather left him two houses in his will, so Danny moves into one and rents the other to his conman friend, Pilon. Danny and Pilon while away their time carousing, pilfering wine, and engaging in petty squabbles.

Given Pilon's shifty nature, he is not one to be depended on for timely rent payment—or, any rent payments at all. Pilon enlists a roommate—his pal Pablo—to share the house with him and, hopefully, to foot the entire rent bill. But Pablo turns out to be just as broke as Pilon, and the two pull in a third roommate, Jesus Maria Corcoran, to pay the rent and supply them with food and cash. Then, while the three men are out partying, Pablo's Saint Francis candle burns the entire house to the ground. Suddenly homeless, the trio goes to Danny for help. Not wanting to see his friends suffer, he allows them to move in with him, so long as they stay away from his bed.



Into their lives comes another man, known only as the Pirate. Mentally unstable and constantly accompanied by a pack of five dogs, the Pirate is the only one of the group of men who works. He makes a pittance selling kindling, but he saves the money, amassing what amounts to a small fortune to his new friends. The Pirate is saving his money for a very specific purpose. When one of his dogs was sick, he prayed to Saint Francis to cure the animal. Saint Francis came through, and the dog lived—only to be struck and killed by a truck later. Nonetheless, the Pirate feels a debt to Saint Francis and saves his money to buy a candle in his honor. The Pirate's touching reason for hoarding a stash of money affects Danny and the rest of the gang, so they welcome the Pirate into their circle, and he and his dogs move in with them. Of course, they all want to know the money's secret hiding place.

Pilon sets his sights on another fortune. He joins forces with his old friend Big Joe Portagee, just released from prison. On Saint Andrew's Eve, Pilon and Big Joe venture into the forest to track down a treasure buried there. On this particular night, the treasure supposedly makes the ground glow. They spot what they think is a blue light emanating from a specific area of the woods, and they return the next night to dig. All they find is an old surveying map, which is illegal to take, so they leave it where it is and go drinking instead.

Eventually, the Pirate comes to trust Danny. He retrieves the buried stash of quarters, which Danny stores under his pillow for safekeeping. Big Joe steals the money, but the other men stop him and beat him until he is unconscious.



When the group counts the money, they realize the Pirate finally has enough to buy the gold Saint Francis candle that he has wanted. The Pirate purchases the candle from Father Ramon, who tells his congregation about the Pirate and his tribute to the Saint. The Pirate's dogs then come barreling into the church and are subsequently evicted. Shortly thereafter, the Pirate tells his dogs stories about Saint Francis, and when something unseen behind the Pirate spooks and startles the pack, he convinces himself that his dogs have seen a vision.

Though the group of friends continues their lives of revelry and debauchery, Danny begins to miss the days when he was homeless and even more carefree. He runs away to live in the forest, much to the consternation and anxiety of his friends, but he eventually returns, and all of Tortilla Flat comes out to throw him a party.

The party is a raucous affair, and Danny (and everybody else) gets stinking drunk. He challenges all the men in attendance to a fight, brandishing a broken table leg as a weapon. He has sex with several of the women at the party. Later, still blind-drunk, he flees into the night—and straight off the edge of a cliff and into a gulch.



After Danny's death, his friends attend his funeral, but because they are broke with no decent clothing, they must watch the service from outside the cemetery. As a tribute to their friend, they return to his house and drink wine. During the makeshift party, the fireplace releases a spark that inevitably engulfs the entire house in flames. The friends all escape intact and do nothing to stop the fire. They stand by and watch, realizing their journey together is ending. As the house burns, each man walks off in a different direction, on his own.